# Functions - [General](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/general.md) - [ISMATRIXPSD](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/general/ismatrixpsd.md): Verify if a matrix is positive semidefinite. Solve for the nearest positive semidefinite matrix if it is not. - [MATRIX](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/general/matrix.md): Concatenate disjointed arrays in Excel column (or row)-wise into a matrix - [XLABHELP](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/general/xlabhelp.md): Getting help within Excel for the Excel Lab quant library. - [XLABINFO](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/general/xlabinfo.md): Retrieve information about the Excel Lab quant library installed on your workstation. - [XLABLICENSE](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/general/xlablicense.md): Invoke authentication with licensing servers to enable or re-enable your use of Excel Lab. - [RESETPASSWORD](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/general/resetpassword.md): Update and set a new password for your user account - [Return Models](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/return-models.md) - [CAPM](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/return-models/capm.md): Estimate expected returns using the Capital Asset Pricing Model. This is also known as the Equilibrium Returns. - [DESMOOTHRETURNS](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/return-models/desmoothreturns.md): Desmooth time series returns using a first-order autoregressive model. - [IMPLIEDRETURNS](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/return-models/impliedreturns.md): Calculate implied expected returns of your assets / instruments. - [MLERETURNS](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/return-models/mlereturns.md): Estimate expected returns for assets with incomplete historical data (unequal lengths) with a maximum likelihood estimator. - [Risk Models](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/risk-models.md) - [ANNUALIZERISK](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/risk-models/annualizerisk.md): Annualize discrete estimates of standard deviation to account for the compounding effects on assets. - [EWMA](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/risk-models/ewma.md): Estimate expected risk, correlation matrix, or covariance matrix for assets using the exponential-weighted moving average risk model (EWMA). - [HISTORICALRISK](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/risk-models/historicalrisk.md): Estimate expected risk, correlation matrix, or covariance matrix for assets using historical data. - [MLERISK](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/risk-models/mlerisk.md): Estimate expected risk, correlation matrix, or covariance matrix for assets with incomplete historical data (unequal lengths) with a maximum likelihood estimator. - [PORTFOLIORISK](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/risk-models/portfoliorisk.md): Calculate portfolio risk from a vector of weights, risk, and correlation matrix. - [TURBULENTRISK](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/risk-models/turbulentrisk.md): A robust statistical risk model using the Mahalanobis distance. - [QUIETRISK](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/risk-models/quietrisk.md): A robust statistical risk model using the Mahalanobis distance. - [Optimization](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/optimization.md) - [MVO](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/optimization/mvo.md): Mean-variance optimization, a quadratic programming optimizer. - [MTO](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/optimization/mto.md): Mean-tracking-error optimization, maximize your return in excess of a benchmark while minimizing tracking-error. - [MVT](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/optimization/mvt.md): Optimize portfolio allocations for absolute and relative performance with this multi-goal optimization function. Maximize return while minimizing risk and tracking-error (Mean-variance-tracking-error) - [MVFRONTIER](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/optimization/mvfrontier.md): Solve for the Mean-Variance efficient frontier. Optimize for multiple portfolios to evaluate trade-offs. - [MTFRONTIER](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/optimization/mtfrontier.md): Solve for the Mean-Tracking-Error efficient frontier. Optimize for multiple portfolios to evaluate return and risk trade-offs in relative return space (active management). - [ISORETURN](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/optimization/isoreturn.md): Solve for an iso-return efficient frontier. Construct an efficient frontier to evaluate the risk and tracking-error tradeoffs. - [Simulation](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/simulation.md) - [MCNORM](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/simulation/mcnorm.md): Simulate a matrix of multivariate normal returns using Monte-Carlo with the option to preserve an expected correlation structure. - [BOOTSTRAP](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/simulation/bootstrap.md): Simulate values by bootstrap sampling from a dateset. The bootstrap method allows for a uniform random sampling, or a biased (probability-weighted) sampling method, useful for scenario analysis. - [Exposure to Loss](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/exposure-to-loss.md) - [LOSSPR](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/exposure-to-loss/losspr.md): Measure the probability of loss at throughout an investment horizon (first-passage time) or at the end of horizon. - [OMEGARATIO](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/exposure-to-loss/omegaratio.md): Measure the probability weighted ratio of gains to losses for a given target return. - [SORTINORATIO](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/exposure-to-loss/sortinoratio.md): Measure risk-adjusted returns relative to downside deviations. - [TAILRATIO](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/exposure-to-loss/tailratio.md): Determine the relative magnitude of losses to gains within an empirical distribution. - [VALUEATRISK](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/exposure-to-loss/valueatrisk.md): Estimate exposure to loss of your portfolio with the Value at Risk framework. - [MAXDD](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/exposure-to-loss/maxdd.md): Calculate the maximum drawdown for time series returns. - [Regression Analysis](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/regression-analysis.md) - [FACTORANALYSIS](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/regression-analysis/factoranalysis.md): Evaluate your assets, managers, and portfolios against factors (economic variables, signals, risk models). Decompose risk and return of your instruments using multi-factor or stepwise regressions. - [PSR](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/regression-analysis/psr.md): Partial-sample regression function to estimate the similarity, informativeness, and relevance of dependent variables. - [Scenario Analysis](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/scenario-analysis.md) - [MAHALANOBIS](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/scenario-analysis/mahalanobis.md): Compute the Mahalanobis Distance on your empirical data set. - [SCENARIOPR](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/scenario-analysis/scenariopr.md): Calculate relative scenario probabilities across a set of economic outcomes. - [IMPLIEDSCENARIO](https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions/scenario-analysis/impliedscenario.md): Calculate the implied scenario estimates that reconciles with your target scenario probabilities. --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://excelhelp.windhamlabs.com/functions.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.